A Modern Driver PCB for the Citation V
NOTE: This is a prototype and I have not fully tested it. Also, The holes are not placed correctly.
When I bought a working, but scrappy looking, Harman Kardon Citation V, I did not dream at the time I would completely tear it apart for a rebuild. I like the design, the output transformers are excellent, so I got the urge to completely rebuild it. While the whole project is ongoing, part of it is to create new, sexier PCBs for the audio circuits and power supply. Here is (re)Vision 1 of the new driver board:
This board is laid out such that each side is a mirror image of the other. All text and designators are printed on both sides. The plan is to put the power resistors on the bottom (which means facing up when amplifier is in operation), and to put the capacitors on the top (which is then down in the amplifier). Being as heat rises, the capacitors will thus be kept cool. Also added is the 10M45 current source in the place of the LTP phase inverter tail resistor. This is also a double-sided layout, and the single part placed will be on the bottom (hot) side of the PCB.
The Altium Designer files are hosted at: HK-Citation-V-Driver-PCB
More to come:
- A power supply PCB, carrying everything but the doubler caps and screen choke;
- Tube complement modified to 6AG7, 6SN7, and 807 (overall circuit topology remains the same).
- Chassis modified for appropriate sockets, chassis and transformer tops stripped and powder coated brown (compatible with original brown transformer cores).
Stay tuned!
Custom Guitar Amp Prototype Build
This project was for a business customer interested in creating a new 55 watt guitar amplifier. The prototype here is for testing the electronic design, and for adding/trying modifications.
The mock layout is shown here, however it was reversed left-right so the inputs will be on the left opposite of the power supply. The goal was to make a smart layout that looked good, with plenty of room for additions or modifications.
Here’s a top view of the chassis with everything mounted. Some items were placed as assembly progressed.
The front view of the same.
Here we can see two things, the power is on with the pilot lamp lit, and the addition of a toggle switch near the output tubes to offer connection options of standard or distributed load.
Assembly proceeding inside.
This is the final product as delivered to the customer for testing. Using 6550 output tubes at 475 plate volts via the 5AR4 rectifier yielded 55 watts pentode connected, 50 watts distributed load. The gain stages and driver tube are all 12AX7s. There was no audible noise or hum with no input connected, so the grounding is good.
More to come as the project progresses!
These Must Be The Best Tubes Ever!
Is this not the absolute coolest tube brand and box? What isotopes do you suppose they use in their proprietary materials? I guess I’ll have to put it in the tube tester to see if the uranium is depleted!
6KV8 Push-Pull Driver Board
Here’s a look at a design project I’m working on. This is a driver circuit for a push-pull amplifier designed around the 6KV8 tube. The 6KV8 tube is a high-gain triode with good linearity and high transconductance coupled with a frame-grid pentode also having a high transconductance. Tubes like this were designed for television applications, not audio. Here the triode sections of the two 6KV8s are connected as an active-loaded gain stage, which then feeds the two pentode sections acting together as a phase inverter and driver section. The pentodes use IXYS programmable current sources to help linearize their operation. The circuit includes local power supply filtering and the negative bias supply. There are two options for feedback loops. One loop goes to the cathode of the lower pentode, and makes a standard feedback loop. The other is plate-to-plate loops from the output stage via connections LF1 and LF2. These are both subject to some experimentation when the prototype PCBs arrive and are stuffed.
This is the art of the PCB itself. This is where my project is different from what you’ll usually see in PCBs for vacuum tube audio. Other than the tube sockets, all components are surface mount. This is the more modern assembly method for electronics. The possible disadvantages are how the PCB will handle waste heat, and the limits on component selection. You can see in red the large copper area used as a heat sink for the current source components, which if effective will eliminate the use of a standard aluminum heat sink.
More to come when the prototype is ready to test!
The 89Y SE Headphone Amplifier
Completed!
In the traditional “Darling” style, it gets .75 watts per channel! The 6C8G is a really nice tube, unfortunately it gets overlooked.
Push-Pull 7C5 Amplifier in Vintage Style
Here it is, finally! Oh, and I hope you like green! This is a complete rebuild of my very first amplifier. Using everything I’ve learned since that time, I began this project with the goal of creating an artistic and functional version of that design. The tubes, output transformers, and a few internal parts remain from the original build. A new power transformer was used, as well as the new chassis, sockets, and other internal parts. Being mostly the same circuit and parts, it sounds exactly the same.
The schematic shows what few changes were made:
- The 7C5 screen grids are supplied from the plate B+ through 100 ohm resistors instead of a separate filter section. This is more protective of the 7C5s, whereas the prior connection gave no noticeable improvement.
- The power supply filter capacitors are reduced to 50 & 50 µF, from 100 & 100 µF. 100 µF is too large a value to follow a standard 5U4 rectifier, and can cause the tube to arc-over internally.
- The 7C5 cathodes are bypassed to ground instead of to B+, which is known as “Ultrapath”. Other than more expensive higher voltage capacitors, “Ultrapath” resulted in no discernible difference.
The 89Y SE Amplifier – In Progress
My next project has been cut, painted, and mechanically assembled. This is going to be a small single-ended amplifier with speaker and headphone output similar to the 1626 “Darling” amplifier below. The 89Y output tube is a military grade “type 89 – triple-grid amplifier” with a micanol base and graphite coated glass. Type 89 is a precursor to Type 41, 6K6/G/GT, 7B5, and 6AR5. It has a cap for control-grid connection and separate screen-grid connection pin at the base. Here it will be connected as a triode and driven by the 6C8G. The 6C8G is a tube I haven’t used before which has good linear curves and looks good in the amplifier. It contains two triodes, one of which has a grid connection at the top cap. If both stages prove linear enough and the output impedance isn’t too high, no loop feedback is planned. The schematic I’ve worked up for it is still on paper and not installed underneath the chassis yet. The output transformers aren’t cheapies this time! These are Transcendar 8K:8Ω from Gerry at Transcendar Audio Transformers.
More to come!
Single-Ended 807 Amplifier
This amplifier was built on-the-cheap. I used salvaged transformers purchased well below online prices and 807 tubes which are still reasonably priced. 7 watts per channel. I won an impromptu local “shootout” with this. Recently added speaker/headphone switch and headphone jack. Now it’s personal!
How it was done: Single-ended pentode mode, with primary-side feedback, and fixed bias operation.
A look at the construction:
14N7/14AF7 Loktal Preamplifier
Here’s a long time workhorse in my setup. Four line-level inputs are on the selector switch, and active/passive mode is selected by the toggle switch in the center. Can easily be rewired to accept 7N7 or 7AF7, so that more types become usable. Collecting tubes is more fun when you can use some!
The Schematic. This preamp has its two 14N7 or 14AF7 tubes connected as CCS (Constant Current Source) loaded single gain stages. The idea here is to be able to use one stage of gain without feedback. Using the CCS load makes the stage linear enough that it does not require feedback. This does nothing for hum & noise of course, so the power supply is critical and thus somewhat complex. To read more about CCS loading, check out section 11-7 of Vacuum Tube Amplifiers by Valley & Wallman:
Single Ended 6K6 Amplifier – a Gift!
Built for my Mother-In-Law as a Christmas gift! This little amplifier has a headphone jack and volume control up front, speaker terminals in the back, and a power switch with blue LEDs. The color, a light textured metallic blue, is a new color for me and with that blue power switch just looks awesome! She was so impressed with my wife’s darling amplifier (below), that this one was intentionally modeled after it. If I can find a matching pair of 6K6G tubes (you know, the big bottles), those would look really nice in this!
The schematic. This is a very similar design to the 6Y6SE I’ve already posted, which was also a made-to-fit-the-parts design. The 12K:8 output transformer has a primary tap but isn’t a distributed load type, just multiple impedances. Connecting the 6K6 this way was just like triode connection, and no loop feedback was needed. It has limited power output but is very nice through headphones, with no hum or noise.
Evil Science Audio 